You already came to light the last one Argenconomics report with the analysis of the performance of knowledge industries corresponding to the first semester of 2022. According to the data analyzed, the period was characterized by strong economic turbulence in our country and a great expansion of post-pandemic global demand
Unlike other editions, this one also published two study papers. In the first one, we analyzed the situation of the educational system in relation to the technical training of skills for the IT industries, and the novelties that are occurring in the offer of new educational paths.
whileIn the second, the available data on the distribution of employment in knowledge industries in the national territory were studied.l, based on two sources: the permanent household survey -EPC- of INDEC and data from the Ministry of Labor
According to the report, in our country, the great economic and exchange turbulence of the first six months of 2022 did not alter the trends observed in 2021. Thus, annual exports grew 23.5%, compared to those of the same period in 2021. In fact, the value of exports registered by INDEC reached a total of US$7,261 million.
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The growth of professional services that increased 26.5%, which maintains a share of 58.2% with respect to the total of Services Based on the knowledge (SBC). The IT sector posted solid year-on-year growth, reaching 20.7%.
On the other hand, the imports reflected a behavior similar to exports, maintaining a positive balance of US$738 million. It should be noted that, as already selected in the report as of December 2021, the increases in the level of exports did not respond to an increase in the volume of activity, but rather to the effect of the higher price in dollars of exported services.
In this line, some issues that harm the sector were observed. For example, the study shows that the increase in prices in dollars of exported services continued, while the value of the official dollar continued to lag behind the increase in local wages. This causes a constant flight of employment from the formal sector of the economy to the informal sector, which increases the mass of workers who operate under individual contracts for foreign companies, thus preventing foreign currency from entering the local exchange regime.
Companies will use the so-called “techno dollar” basically to pay salaries
Currently, the person rotationhe of all knowledge industries remains in very tall -in many companies it exceeded 30% per year-, values that compromise the development of operations. “The delayed effects of this decapitalization will be even more serious,” the specialists assured. The acceleration of turnover and the loss of many internship leaders in companies complicate the “on the job” learning cycle that is the basis for the formation of their intellectual capital and their global competitiveness.
The necessary replacement of employees who run away problems an overheating in the search for entrants. In a context of full employment, the companies demand more resources from the educational system, that it is not enough to satisfy in quantity and quality the provision of the required talent. In turn, for educational entities, both public and private, the retention of quality teachers became increasingly difficult.
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argentina vs rest of the world
In the second decade of this century, the region grew less than Eastern Europe and Asia Pacific. The global growth average for that decade was 78%, clearly highlighting the increases in Belarus – 273% -, the Philippines – 213% -. Poland -169%-, and Ukraine -129%-. In Latin America, only Costa Rica – 162% – had growth above said average.
The behavior of the last year reflects that the countries that exceeded the global average of 15% are again Ukraine, Poland, the Philippines and Belarusjoining this group Russia and Republic check. In our region Uruguay (27%) and Colombia (21%) are the most prominent. Argentina (12.50%) was in fourth place behind Brazil (16.06%).
The three countries directly affected by the conflict in Ukraine together reach US$37 billion in annual exports. Likewise, these values will drop automatically after the invasion. Likewise, the countries surrounding the conflict will export more than US$. 200 billion annually. Ukraine, already at war, exported almost twice as much as Argentina.
In the presentation of the report, Luis Galeazzi, Executive Director of Argencon, stressed that the example to follow should be Poland. Both countries have a relatively similar population, practically the same number of university students, but they export 5 times more than Argentina. In the third quarter of 2021 they did so for the sum of US$33,506 million against US$6,442 million in the country.
New DNU
The main regulatory novelty of the semester was the failure of the Communication A7518, from the Central Bank, which enabled a complex mechanism so that companies that have increased exports can use part of the foreign currency that enters to pay salaries in dollars. The regimen was massively rejected by companies given the technical and operational difficulties involved.
This same issue was addressed by DNU 679/2022 issued on October 11, 2022 by the Executive Branch, the effect of which can be measured as of next year.
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educational alert
According to the report, the education systemwhich was traditionally a differential element in the global positioning of Argentina, due to the mostly free access and the educational quality that its graduates showed, today presents a noticeable deterioration of its capacity.
The Regional Comparative and Explanatory Study, ERCE 2019, from UNESCOthat analyzes the levels of learning in primary school, showed that Argentina obtained lower results than the average for the region and that their performance regressed in all the evaluations with respect to the previous measurement, from 2013. These not very encouraging data at the primary level are being transferred to the performances at the next level.
In the tests learn, which was carried out in 2019 to students in their last year of secondary school (the last available evaluation of the level), only 28.6% achieve Satisfactory or Advanced performance in Mathematics and 42.8% are below the average. basic level. In Language, a better performance was demonstrated, having reached 61.7% of Satisfactory and Advanced levels, which, however, does not reach a desirable level.
The ones that theoretically develop skills at this educational level are the minimum floor that allows them to join quality jobs and sustain the continuous learning that reality demands. The low performance in the basic skills of Language and especially in Mathematics negatively condition the future development of young people.
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If the most basic learning is not being achieved, it can be inferred that it is far from complying with article 88 of the National Education Law, which says: “Access to and mastery of information and communication technologies will be part of the essential curricular contents for inclusion in the knowledge society”
A) Yes, exposes the complexity that is faced so that the Knowledge Economyfundamental motor of the current and future socioeconomic development of Argentina, you can count on the trained people you need.
This report is based on export data provided by INDEC, updated until June 2022, and employment data from the Ministry of Labor as of December 2021. The information on regional and global markets published in this edition is based on information from the World Trade Organization as of December 2021. It should be noted that the effects of the war in Ukraine did not appear in these values.
LR
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